Medical pumps

Medical pumps offer the possibility of applying accurate doses of a certain medication by continuous infusion and/or multiple boli via a subcutaneous, intravenous, or intrathecal route. Effortless dosing facilitates the patient's daily routine, as otherwise frequent self-injection of the drug would be necessary, which can not only be painful but also requires action by the patient during the day and possibly at night. Moreover, hormone pumps more tightly imitate the physiological secretion pattern, which is crucial for optimized treatment. In this review, we discuss the main fields of application of subcutaneously administering hormone pumps, namely for type 1 diabetes mellitus and applications in gynecology and reproductive medicine, especially in hypothalamic insufficiency.