Construction of surface oxygen vacancies by bimetallic doping combined with ellagic acid modification to enhance the photocatalytic degradation of ethinyl estradiol by TiO2
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL(2023)
摘要
In this paper, two surface oxygen vacancy-rich TiO2 composite photocatalysts were successfully constructed by solid thermal reduction ((R-Vo)TiO2) and bimetallic doping (Nd-Fe-(D-Vo)TiO2). The oxygen vacancies were characterized in detail using XPS, Raman, EPR and STEM. The results show that the excellent photocatalytic performance of Nd-Fe-(D-Vo)TiO2 deriving from its doping energy and surface oxygen vacancies. Nd-Fe-(D-Vo) TiO2 could degrade 58 % of phenol within 120 min, which was much greater than 15 % of TiO2 and 27 % of (RVo)TiO2. Three composite photocatalysts, TiO2@EA, (R-Vo)TiO2@EA and Nd-Fe-(D-Vo) TiO2@EA, with better visible light absorption and photocatalytic performance were further obtained by bonding ellagic acid (EA) to the surface of TiO2. Nd-Fe-(D-Vo)TiO2@EA could almost completely degrade ethinyl estradiol within 20 min with a high minimization degree of 84 %. The possible sites of ethinyl estradiol attacked by free radicals were predicted by theoretical calculation combining with high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis, and the possible degradation mechanism was proposed.
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关键词
Oxygen vacancies,Bimetallic doping,Ellagic acid surface bonding,Photocatalysis
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