Non-genetic effects and repeatability estimates of semen production traits in Murrah buffalo bulls

The objectives of this study were to determine the repeatability estimates and the effect of ejaculate, season, period, age, and bull on semen production traits in Murrah buffalo bulls maintained in an organized semen station. A data set comprising 54,268 ejaculates from 76 Murrah buffalo bulls collected across 12 years were analyzed. The analysis of variables included non-genetic factors as the fixed effects and bull as the random effect. The repeatability was estimated by the restricted maximum likelihood method (REML) using WOMBAT program. The overall least - squares means for semen volume, sperm concentration, total sperm/ejaculate, mass activity, individual motility, post-thaw motility, and frozen semen straws/ejaculate were 2.65 ml, 1222.04 million/ml, 3030.10 million, 2.64, 67.45%, 51.73%, and 128.80 doses. The repeatability estimates were 0.27, 0.25, 0.22, 0.28, 0.34, 0.27, and 0.23, respectively. The studied non-genetic factors influenced ( P < 0.01) all seminal traits. Likewise, variation ( P < 0.01) due to individual bull was also observed. The first ejaculate was superior in terms of ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, total sperm/ejaculate, and frozen semen straws than the second ejaculate. The south-west monsoon and summer seasons were the best seasons with better semen quality and frozen semen production. Compared to the remaining periods, during Period V (2014–2016), greater values for most seminal traits were found. Bulls above 8 years of age expressed higher semen production than the younger bulls below 4 years, whereas the best performance was observed in the age group of 12 years and above. The repeatability estimates were low to moderate ranging from 0.22 for total sperm/ejaculate to 0.34 for individual motility. A significant ( P < 0.01) positive correlation was observed between the seminal traits except the negative correlation in semen volume and total sperm/ejaculate. It was concluded that all the non-genetic factors considered in this study exerted influence on studied seminal traits. Therefore, appropriate management practices can be applied to improve semen quality and quantity.