Effect of 3D Paradigm on Event-Related Potentials

Brain-computer interfaces are systems that control computers or external electronic devices by converting the electrical activity produced by the brain into device commands. One of the brain-computer interface types frequently used in the literature is the P300-based system. Research in this area aims to develop new paradigms to improve its performance. In this study, the amplitude and latency values of the P300 signals obtained from classical twodimensional row-column flashings and novel three-dimensional column flashing paradigms were compared in terms of both visual and numerical evaluations. Based on the obtained results, it is observed that the amplitude of the P300 signal captured using the threedimensional column flashing paradigm increased while the corresponding latency decreased. The most significant amplitude improvement between the two paradigms was obtained on the P8 channel with 1.47.V. Based on the average values over all individuals and channels, it was also observed that the proposed paradigm provides a 15.94% amplitude increase and a -1.22% latency decrease value. In other words, higher P300 amplitude and lower latency values were obtained using the developed/novel/proposed/3D paradigm. These obtained results are significant since low P300 amplitude and high latency values are related to complex tasks in the literature. From this point of view, it was concluded that the newly developed paradigm was perceived as an easy-to-use and efficient procedure by the participants. Therefore, it provided high performance in terms of classification accuracy.