Gauging DNA degradation among common insect trap preservatives

Genetic methods for species identification are becoming increasingly popular and can accelerate insect monitoring. However, obtaining good DNA quality and quantity from insect traps remains a challenge for field studies. Ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and Renner solution have been previously suggested as suitable preservatives for the collection of genetic material, but a systematic overview of their performance under compromising field conditions is lacking. Here we experimentally test whether and how different preservatives affect DNA quality under different conditions and evaluate how choice of preservative may affect metabarcoding and more demanding downstream applications (e.g., RADseq). For this, we used the house cricket, Acheta domesticus (L.) (Orthoptera: Gryllidae), and tested propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, and Renner solution for their ability to preserve DNA over 27 days in various dilutions and temperatures. DNA quality was measured as DNA fragmentation and success rates in PCR amplifying a COI fragment of 658, 313, or 157 bp. Undiluted propylene glycol and ethylene glycol always retained high molecular weight DNA at room temperature. No high molecular weight DNA was preserved at 37 degrees C or in any dilution. Nevertheless, the COI sequence could be amplified from samples at every condition. Renner solution did not preserve high molecular weight DNA and fragmentation increased over time at 37 degrees C until amplification was impossible. The results suggest that propylene glycol and ethylene glycol are suitable preservatives for collecting both genetic and morphological material, but dilution or high temperatures compromise their ability to preserve high molecular weight DNA. For genomic approaches requiring high DNA quality, additional preservatives may need to be tested.