Assessment of Microfinance Interventions and Intimate Partner Violence: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

IMPORTANCE An estimated 27% of ever-partnered women aged 15 to 49 years have experienced intimate partner violence (IPV) in their lifetimes, which has been associated with a wide range of both acute and chronic illness. Poverty is thought to be a major driver of IPV, and economic empowerment programs may reduce violence. OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether microfinance interventions are associated with reductions in various forms of IPV. DATA SOURCES On August 3, 2022, PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science, EconLit, and 5 global health databases were searched from inception. STUDY SELECTION Included studies were randomized clinical trials evaluating the effect of microfinance interventions vs control on exposure to IPV. This study was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses reporting guideline. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Authors independently assessed study eligibility, extracted prespecified data, and evaluated risk of bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Outcome measures of interest were exposure to overall IPV and 4 World Health Organization-designated IPV domains: physical, psychological and emotional, sexual, and controlling behaviors. Univariate meta-analyses using a random effects model were used to calculate the standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% CIs for each IPV outcome. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation method was used to rate the certainty of findings. RESULTS Overall, 10 randomized clinical trials met inclusion criteria, with a total of 16 136 participants, of whom 98% identified as women, with a mean age of 28.9 years. Compared with no intervention, participation in microfinance was associated with lower rates of psychological and emotional violence (SMD, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.80-0.95; I-2 = 46%; high certainty), sexual violence (SMD, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.63-0.90; I-2 = 44%; low certainty), and controlling behaviors (SMD, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.74-0.92; I-2 = 54%; high certainty). There was no significant association with physical violence (SMD, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.76-1.04; very-low certainty). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This systematic review and meta-analysis of microfinance interventions found a reduction in exposure to psychological and emotional IPV as well as controlling behaviors among participants receiving microfinance interventions, with high certainty evidence. Further work is needed to evaluate which types of microfinance interventions are most effective at reducing the various forms of IPV.