Recent Advances In the development of enzymatic paper-based microfluidic biosensors

Using microfluidic paper-based analytical devices has attracted considerable attention in recent years. This is mainly due to their low cost, availability, portability, simple design, high selectivity, and sensitivity. Owing to their specific substrates and catalytic functions, enzymes are the most commonly used bioactive agents in mu PADs. Enzymatic mu PADs are various in design, fabrication, and detection methods. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the development of enzymatic mu PADs by considering the methods of detection and fabrication. Particularly, techniques for mass production of these enzymatic mu PADs for use in different fields such as medi-cine, environment, agriculture, and food industries are critically discussed. This paper aims to provide a critical review of mu PADs and discuss different fabrication methods as the central parts of the mu PADs production cate-gorized into printable and non-printable methods. In addition, state-of-the-art technologies such as fully printed enzymatic mu PADs for rapid, low-cost, and mass production and improvement have been considered.