Cytochalasans with Inhibitory Activity against NPC1L1 from the Endophytic Fungus Chaetomium nigricolor F5.

Mass spectrometry (MS)-based metabolic profiling of the endophytic fungus F5 guided the isolation of five novel cytochalasans, chamisides B-F (), and two known ones, chaetoconvosins C and D ( and ). Their structures including stereochemistry were unambiguously determined by MS, nuclear magnetic resonance, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. Compounds share a new 5/6/5/5/7-fused pentacyclic skeleton in cytochalasans and are appropriately proposed to be the key biosynthetic precursors of co-isolated cytochalasans with a 6/6/5/7/5, 6/6/5/5/7, or 6/6/5 ring system. Remarkably, compound with a relatively flexible side chain showed promising inhibition activity against the cholesterol transporter protein Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1), expanding the function of cytochalasans.