Factor Analysis in Personality Disorders Research: Modern Issues and Illustrations of Practical Recommendations

The development of factor analysis is uniquely situated within psychology, and the development of many psychological theories and measures are likewise tethered to the common use of factor analysis. In this article, we review modern methodological controversies and developments of factor analytic techniques through concrete demonstrations that span the exploratory-confirmatory continuum. Also, we provide recommendations for working through common challenges in personality disorders research. To help researchers conduct riskier tests of their theory-implied models, we review what factor analysis is and is not, as well as some dos and don'ts for engaging in the process of model evaluation and selection. Throughout, we also emphasize the need for closer alignment between factor models and our theories, as well as clearer statements about which criteria would support or refute the theories being tested. Consideration of these themes appears promising in terms of advances in theory, research, and treatment surrounding the nature and impact of personality disorders.