Pediatric cystine stone successfully treated by mini-percutaneous nephrolithotripsy and antegrade ureteroscopy.

Introduction:Cystinuria is often diagnosed by large renal stone for pediatric patients. The patients suffer from recurrence of stone disease, develop the chronic kidney disease and fall into end-stage renal failure. Total removal of stone at the first intervention and prevention of recurrence are essential. Although, it is difficult to treat the pediatric stone patients for their anatomical feature. Case presentation:We report three cases of pediatric cystine stone patients (two 4-year-old boys and a 9-year-old girl) successfully treated by mini-percutaneous nephrolithotripsy and antegrade ureteroscopy. We could remove stones completely in all three cases, and the patients did not suffer from major complications. Conclusion:It is essential to select the surgical approach, the endourological device, and the patient's position which is suitable for the age, the body size, and the condition of stones at the initial intervention of pediatric cystine stone.