A Critical Examination of the Beam-Squinting Effect in Broadband Mobile Communication: Review Paper

Due to the fact that the quality of the received signal is adversely affected by the beam squint phenomenon, which is especially pertinent to the millimeter wave (mmwave) bands, many studies have been utilised by other researchers to provide light on some of the challenges that come with analysing this type of occurrence. Squint causes several issues, the most important of which are its detrimental effects on gain, line of sight, angle of arrival, progressive phase, usable bandwidth, and fading effect. As a result of these obstacles, the advantages of adopting a high-frequency band such as mmwave in modern wireless communication systems are severely limited. Squint-phenomena-related difficulties, such as decreased channel capacity, increased bit error rate (BER), and lowered quality of services, may have a substantial detrimental impact on channel performance. The squint phenomenon and associated issues become more pressing with the expansion of the frequency spectrum and the deviation of the arrival angle from boresight. The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive overview of the relevant literature and to compare and contrast various methods in order to identify the most fruitful lines of inquiry for future research.