Manipulating intermolecular interactions for ultralong organic phosphorescence

Ultralong organic phosphorescence (UOP) materials have received considerable attention in the field of organic optoelectronics due to their long lifetime, high exciton utilization, large Stokes shift, and so on. Great advancements have been achieved through manipulating intermolecular interactions for high-performance UOP materials in recent years. This review will discuss the influence of various intermolecular interactions, including pi-pi interactions, n-pi interactions, halogen bonding, hydrogen bonding, coordinative bonding, and ionic bonding on phosphorescent properties at room temperature, respectively. We summarize the rule of manipulating intermolecular interactions for UOP materials with superior phosphorescent properties. This review will provide a guideline for developing new UOP materials with superior phosphorescent properties for potential applications in organic electronics and bioelectronics.