An update regarding the non-surgical versus surgical treatment protocols in periodontology. a narrative review

Non-surgical options preceding the more complicated surgical ones, are less costly and provide less patient exposure to underlying risks. There are several factors determining whether a non-surgical approach is adequate, or a surgical treatment must be executed. Consequently, the primary indication is the request of the patient. For an acceptable clinical outcome to be fulfilled, all of the above principles shall be thoroughly considered, succeeded by a meticulous postoperative management. Surgical management of gingival recessions aims to fulfill complete covering of the denuded root with keratinized gingiva width of 2 mm or more. Surgical wounds surrounding teeth are considered crucial. A basic principle and a surgical step of gingival recession management is this of root preparation. All of the above principles shall be thoroughly considered, succeeded by a meticulous postoperative management.