Constructing a Conspicuous Leisure Behavior Scale

The main purpose of this study was to construct a scale for measuring conspicuous leisure behavior. The proposed scale was developed in three phases. In Phase 1, in-depth interviews with 13 participants of selected activities were conducted. Initially, the study adapted 61 items to establish a formal questionnaire through a rigorous content analysis of the interview samples collected from 494 valid questionnaires. In Phase 2, the initially selected 61 items were reduced and categorized into five dimensions with 51 items through exploratory factor analysis. In Phase 3, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to test the reliability, validity, and model fit of the Conspicuous Leisure Behavior Scale. CFA results revealed that the second-order factors were self-consciousness, social display, style orientation, physical-mental activation, and activity specificity. Further insights into conspicuous leisure behavior and practical applications are proposed. Strategies for tourism managers and future research directions are also identified.