Esophageal Doppler-derived indices and arterial load variables provide useful hemodynamic information during assessment of fluid responsiveness in anesthetized dogs undergoing acute changes in blood volume.

Minimally invasive StrokeD, FTc, SDV, and PVV act as SV surrogates and help assess FR during different blood volume stages in healthy dogs. During hypovolemia-induced hypotension, Ea, Eadyn, and Ca may be able to guide therapeutic decisions favoring improvement in blood pressure and SV.