Endovascular treatment of delayed arterial hemorrhage after radical operation for hilar cholangiocarcinoma

Radical operation for hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HCCA) is the most effective treatment, but high rates of severe postoperative complication and death remain concerns due to the complexity of biliary and vascular anatomy of the hepatobiliary region. De-layed arterial hemorrhage (DAH) occurring ＞ 24 h postoperatively usually causes life-threatening bleeding, and relaparotomy for DAH would be difficult and hazardous because of postoperative adhe-sions and critical general condition. As endovascular technique is less invasive and has improved over the recent decades, clini-cians have begun to prefer endovascular treatment (EVT) to surgi-cal treatment of DAH after hepatobiliary pancreatic surgery. How-ever, to our knowledge, a relatively large series of patients dealing with the outcomes of EVT of DAH after surgery for HCCA has not been reported. Herein, we analyzed the technical and clinical out-comes of EVT in 17 patients to evaluate the efficacy and safety of EVT.