Three-dimensional Entrainment Using Global Cardiac Chamber Mapping.

Key Teaching Points•Dipole charge density mapping is a unique mapping modality extending the current utility of entrainment mapping in the diagnosis and mapping of atrial tachycardias.•This novel noncontact mapping method offers global chamber mapping of atrial arrhythmias.•Using 3D activation pattern–based entrainment, we are able to discriminate between the critical isthmus and non-isthmus sites within the arrhythmia circuit. 3D entrainment may add a new diagnostic tool for very complex arrhythmias. •Dipole charge density mapping is a unique mapping modality extending the current utility of entrainment mapping in the diagnosis and mapping of atrial tachycardias.•This novel noncontact mapping method offers global chamber mapping of atrial arrhythmias.•Using 3D activation pattern–based entrainment, we are able to discriminate between the critical isthmus and non-isthmus sites within the arrhythmia circuit. 3D entrainment may add a new diagnostic tool for very complex arrhythmias.