Diatom-inspired stiffness optimization for plates and cellular solids.

Diatoms, a class of aquatic autotrophic microorganisms, are characterized by silicified exoskeletons with highly complex architectures. These morphologies have been shaped by the selection pressure that the organisms have been subjected to during their evolutionary history. Two properties which are highly likely to have contributed to the evolutionary success of current diatom species are lightweightness and structural strength. Thousands of diatom species are present in water bodies today, and although each has its unique shell architecture, a strategy that is common across species is the uneven and gradient solid material distribution across their shells. The aim of this study is to present and evaluate two novel structural optimization workflows inspired by material grading strategies in diatoms. The first workflow mimics thediatoms' surface thickening strategy and generates continuous sheet structures with optimal boundaries and local sheet thickness distributions when applied to plate models subjected to in-plane boundary conditions. The second workflow mimics thediatoms' cellular solid grading strategy, and produces 3D cellular solids with optimal boundaries and local parameter distributions. Both methods are evaluated through sample load cases, and prove to be highly efficient in transforming optimization solutions with non-binary relative density distributions into highly performing 3D models.