Association of HMGB1 levels in synovial fluid with the severity of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis.

Our results indicate that HMGB1 is a potential marker for predicting the severity of TMJOA. Intra-articular HA injection exerts a positive therapeutic effect on TMJOA; however, further investigations are warranted to validate its therapeutic effect in the late phase of visco-supplementation treatment.