Osseous dysplasia with gross jaw expansion – A case report

Expansive osseous dysplasia (EOD) was first described in 2011 and is characterized by gross expansion in single or multiple areas of the jawbones while showing radiographic and histological features of cemento-osseous dysplasia (COD). We present a case of EOD to increase clinical awareness of this rare and newly described entity. A 30-year-old black female presented with asymptomatic bony expansion of the right mandible. Imaging studies revealed mixed radiopaque/radiolucent lesions throughout mandible and right maxilla, consistent with florid cemento-osseous dysplasia. Biopsies showed features consistent with EOD. The patient underwent a right segmental mandibulectomy with inferior alveolar nerve lateralization and transposition, followed by a reconstruction with a left fibular free flap. No additional bony expansion has been noted at 9 months post-surgery. EOD is rare and diagnosis requires clinical correlation. EOD appears mostly arising in florid COD, therefore, continued clinical follow-up for all COD cases is emphasized.