Effect of redroot pigweed interference on antioxidant enzyme and light response of common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) depends on cultivars and growth stages

Redroot Pigweed ( Amaranthus retroflexus L.) is an important weed that is highly competitive with common bean. Photosynthetic pigments, the activity of antioxidant enzymes, the relative expression of a number of antioxidant enzyme and light response genes, were studied in three of common bean cultivars and in V4 and R7 stages under Redroot Pigweed free and infested. The presence of weeds reduced the content of chlorophyll, relative chlorophyll and anthocyanin of common bean leaves. With the increase of weed competition, the expression of antioxidant genes and enzymes increased, which indicates the increase of their activity in order to reduce the amount of reactive oxygen species. Among the studied antioxidant enzymes, the activity of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase produced in the leaves was higher than that of superoxide dismutase. With the increase of weed interference, the expression of phytochrome interacting factor 3 ( PIF3 ) gene as a positive regulator of light signals is increased and the expression of phytochrome rapidly regulated1 ( PAR1 ) gene as a negative regulator is decreased. Chlorophyll a/b-binding protein ( CAB1 ) and auxin-responsive protein IAA8 ( IAA8 ) genes also down-regulated with increasing competition. Along with the decrease of CAB expression in the conditions of competition with weeds, the chlorophyll a, b content also decreased. Correlation between gene expression and physiological traits related to them highlights the prominent role of CWCP in maintaining yield potential.