Effects of unique ion B-site modulation on the structure, dielectric and ferroelectric properties of NBT-BT based ceramics

Ceramics are reliable materials for energy storage and high-power pulse discharge capacitors. However, breakdown electric field (BDS), recoverable energy storage density ( W rec ), discharge time ( t 0.9 ) become the main constraints. As regards, compositional engineering was adopted to induce relaxation behavior in (Na 0.5 Bi 0.5 ) 0.94 Ba 0.06 TiO 3 (NBT-BT) based ceramics by which energy storage performance (ESP) and charge discharge properties (CDP) were significantly improved. (Na 0.5 Bi 0.5 ) 0.94 Ba 0.06 (Ti 1− x Zr x )O 3 (NBBTZ, x = 0, 0.04, 0.08, 0.12, 0.16, 0.20) ceramics are compositional modulation by introducing Zr 4+ at B-site. The relaxor ferroelectrics, ESP and CDP of NBBTZ ceramics were significantly improved with the injection of Zr 4+ . Excellent ESP such as W rec with 2.83 J cm −3 , ultra-high normalized response ( ξ ) with 134.76 J kV −1 m −2 and maximum polarization ( P max ) of 39.96 μC cm −2 are obtained at 210 kV cm −1 . Excellent high-temperature CDP has been excavated simultaneously. Discharge energy density ( W dis ), power density ( P D ) and t 0.9 of 0.601 J cm −3 , 35.9 MW cm −3 and 83.5 ns were obtained at 100 °C and 100 kV cm −1 , respectively. The above results show that NBBTZ ceramics have the ability to become reliable energy storage and pulse power capacitors.