Lactate and Ammonia Measurements During Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing and Its Recovery Phase—consideration of Age and Sex in Its Interpretation

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing with lactate and ammonia samples is used in the diagnostics of metabolic myopathies. As the effect of age and sex on the exercise lactate and ammonia levels are incompletely characterized for clinical associations, our aim was to assess the effects of these factors on healthy subjects to improve the test's interpretation.