The impact of magnetic field periodicity on the hysteresis loss in superconducting magnetic bearings

Since the discovery of high-temperature superconductors (HTS), superconducting magnetic bearings (SMB) have attracted much attention for practical applications such as flywheel energy storage systems, electrical machines, gyroscopes, etc., because of their ability to provide passive stable levitation under high-load condi-tions. Despite providing contactless linear and rotational motion, SMBs gradually decelerate by AC losses mainly generated by magnetic field inhomogeneity. The main component of AC losses at low rotational speeds is hysteresis loss, which is said to be independent of rotational speed, intrinsic to HTS, and proportional to the cube of magnetic field inhomogeneity. Although the state-of-the-art analytical expression of hysteresis loss in SMBs captures the general physics of the loss mechanism, it ignores the periodicity of the magnetic field in one complete rotation of the bearing. In this paper, the analytical expression of hysteresis loss is modified, taking into account the impact of magnetic field periodicity and the distribution of loss over the bearing surface. The new expression is tested by performing spin-down experiments with magnets of different levels of inhomogene-ity in an actual SMB environment. The impact of magnetic field inhomogeneity on the dynamic behaviour of the bearing is also investigated. The results show consistency between modified analytical calculations and experimental data.