Novel Lactotransferrin-Derived Antimicrobial Peptide LF-1 Inhibits the Cariogenic Virulence Factors of Streptococcus mutans .

We previously developed a novel lactotransferrin-derived antimicrobial peptide, LF-1, with selective antibacterial activity against the characteristic cariogenic bacterium . This study further investigated the effects of LF-1 on the cariogenic virulence factors of and evaluated the changes in virulence-associated enzymes and genes; the viability, acidogenicity, and aciduricity of planktonic ; and initial colonisation and biofilm formation after treatment with LF-1. The method of qRT-PCR was used to evaluate virulence-associated gene expression. LF-1 interfered with the cell viability of within 6 h. LF-1 inhibited the acidogenicity and aciduricity of with reduced lactic acid production and survival in a lethal acidic environment, and inactivated lactate dehydrogenase and FF-ATPase activity. LF-1 decreased surface-adherent within 60 min and inhibited biofilm formation, where scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy showed reduced extracellular matrix and bacteria. LF-1 downregulates virulence-associated gene expression. LF-1 inhibited the growth and cariogenic virulence factors of in vitro with a reduction in key enzymatic activity and downregulation of virulence-associated gene expression. LF-1 has promising application prospects in the fight against and dental caries.