A Real-Time Simulation Framework to Evaluate the Scheduling of V2G in Distribution Networks

This paper presents a real-time simulation framework for the evaluation of V2G scheduling applications in distribution networks. Mathematical models of electric vehicles (EVs), uni- and bi-directional charging stations (CSs), and Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) are introduced for power management analysis. A power management (PM) algorithm for peak load shaving via BESS, and Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology is presented to exercise the framework. The overall framework is validated by considering the impact of high penetration of EVs on the campus network of Forschungszentrum Jülich, and the V2G-based mitigation solution.