Performance and emission analysis of single-cylinder direct injection engine running with cottonseed-ethyl oleate biodiesel blends

In this study, the performance and exhaust emissions of a direct injection (DI) diesel engine are compared using blended fuels consisting of cottonseed oil (CSO) and ethyl oleate (EO) at various diesel proportions. The uniqueness of this work lies in the fact that it utilizes engine emission and performance studies with blended fuel made from CSO and EO at a higher volume (%) composition than is typically used. Biodiesel reduces brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) compared to CSO, even though it is higher than diesel due to viscosity and heating value. The brake thermal efficiency (BTE) was enhanced until 800 rpm and afterward reduced as the engine's speed continued to increase. Among all the blends, BTE was recorded as highest for CE20D and minimum for CSO. Because EO was unsaturated, culminating in a reasonably short ignition delay, NOx emissions in fused biofuel were marginally more significant than in diesel. The concentrations of UHC and CO reduced as the concentrations of CSO and EO increased, caused by a rise in the oxygen concentration by mass portion. The results of the combustion and emission tests suggest that CE20D has the potential to be a sustainable alternative fuel.