Two-dimensional materials for gas separation membranes

The next generation of gas separation membranes requires from novel membrane materials with superior performance, sufficient mechanical stability, and long-term stability under harsh operation conditions. Two-dimensional (2D) materials offer several advantages over conventionally used polymeric materials. However, gas separation membranes containing 2D materials have not reached commercialization yet, despite having been discovered almost two decades ago. Difficulties in membrane scalability and high costs associated with the manufacturing processes are the main challenges. This review focuses on the current state and prospects of the technology and highlights novel 2D materials and strategies to fabricate ultrathin membranes that have been developed during the last three years. A multidisciplinary approach, covering the fields of physics, chemistry, and chemical engineering, needs to be taken to achieve the preparation of robust, large-scale, and economically affordable (2D material)-based membranes capable of breaking into the gas separation market.