Identification of therapeutic targets of gallbladder cancer using multi-omics approach

Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is the sixth most common cancer diagnosed at a late stage, causing significant loss of human lives. It is imperative to identify suitable biomarkers to diagnose it at an early stage as well as recognize important therapeutic targets to effectively treat the patients in the advanced stage of the disease. Multi-omics is a novel approach conceptualized to identify changes in every molecule produced in the cells/tissues at the genome, epigenome, transcriptome, proteome and metabolome level. The initiation and progression of tumors result from changes in the genes (mutation, epigenetic), evident at transcription, translation and metabolite levels. Identifying these changes can enhance the early diagnosis and therapeutic targeting of advanced tumors. The huge accrual of the multi-omics public data and its continuous enrichment are a valuable source to advance this research area by analyzing them diligently. The multi-omics approach has been applied to sub-categorize the tumors with the primary objective of clinical annotation, which includes tumor histology, response to therapies and the identification of predictive biomarkers to understand the response of targeted treatment. Herein, we have summarized the literature on the multi-omics data used to identify the suitable therapeutic targets for GBC patients.