Leveraging on Advanced Remote Sensing- and Artificial Intelligence-Based Technologies to Manage Palm Oil Plantation for Current Global Scenario: A Review

Advanced remote sensing technologies have undoubtedly revolutionized palm oil industry management by bringing business and environmental benefits on a single platform. It is evident from the ongoing trend that remote sensing using satellite and aerial data is able to provide precise and quick information for huge palm oil plantation areas using high-resolution image processing, which is also recognized by the certification agencies, i.e., the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) and ISCC (International Sustainability and Carbon Certification). A substantial improvement in the palm oil industry could be attained by utilizing the latest Geo-information tools and technologies equipped with AI (Artificial Intelligence) algorithms and image processing, which could help to identify illegal deforestation, tree count, tree height, and the early detection of diseased leaves. This paper reviews some of the latest technologies equipped with remote sensing, AI, and image processing for managing the palm oil plantation. This manuscript also highlights how the distress in the current palm oil industry could be handled by mentioning some of the improvised monitoring systems for palm oil plantation that could in turn increase the yield of palm oil. It is evident from the proposed review that the accuracy of AI algorithms for palm oil detection depends on various factors such as the quality of the training data, the design of the neural network, and the type of detection task. In general, AI models have achieved high accuracy in detecting palm oil tree images, with some studies reporting accuracy levels up to 91%. However, it is important to note that accuracy can still be affected by factors such as variations in lighting conditions and image resolution. Nonetheless, with any AI model, the accuracy of algorithms for palm oil tree detection can be improved by collecting more diverse training data and fine-tuning the model.