Investigating the effects of Psycho-Behavioral interventions on healthy adolescents' subjective well-being: A three-level meta-Analysis

To summarize the types and effects of psycho-behavioral interventions for improving healthy adolescents' subjective well-being (SWB) and analyze the influencing factors, this three-level meta-analysis reviewed studies that measured SWB as outcomes. According to 45 studies, we categorized the interventions into 4 categories: physical activity/health behavior interventions, psychosocial skills interventions (fostering positive characters), psychosocial skills interventions (teaching coping skills), and mixed-type interventions. Most studies were compromised by a weak research design regarding random sequence generation, blinding, and selective reporting. The effect sizes of interventions were low at both post-intervention (Hedges' g = 0.10) and follow-up (Hedges' g = 0.02) for positive SWB measures. They were also low at both post-intervention (Hedges' g = -0.02) and follow-up (Hedges' g = -0.12) for negative SWB measures. A group-based delivery mode and a longer intervention duration predicted higher effects. These findings call for improving research design in future research and diversifying the intervention approaches. (150 words)