Development of Green RP- and Green NP-HPTLC Methods for Estimation of Lenvatinib and Comparative Evaluation by AGREE

Lenvatinib mesylate (LNB) is a potent anticancer drug used in the treatment of thyroid cancer. No green technique incorporating the use of green analytical chemistry (GAC) in HPTLC for LNB has been reported. The current study focuses on how GAC was used in the development and validation of a green HPTLC technique using LNB. The mobile phase used for RPHPTLC was green solvents, namely, ethanol and water (60:40, v/v), and for a green NP-HPLTC technique, a 50:50 v/v of ethanol and ethyl acetate was used. For both methods, the detection was carried out at 243 nm. Both methods were validated for linearity, range, precision, accuracy, limit of detection, limit of quantification, sensitivity, and specificity. In the range of 200-2000 ng/spot for both the RP and NP, both techniques were proved to be linear. In comparison to NP-HPTLC, the RP-HPTLC exhibited greater sensitivity. It was concluded that the green RP-HPTLC technique was found to be more speedy, accurate, precise, and greener than green NP-HPTLC. Analytical greenness (AGREE) scores were estimated as 0.88 and 0.82, respectively, for the RP and NP (methods 1 and 2), which indicated a high level of greenness. We compared our developed methods with previously reported HPLC (for LNB) and HPTLC (for similar class drugs) methods showing AGREE scores of 0.58, 0.61, 0.62, and 0.65, which are considered poor AGREE scores when compared to our established green RP- and NP-HPTLC methods. Both of our methods (methods 1 and 2) demonstrated extreme greenness as compared to other reported methods, and these emerging environmentally friendly green methods should be explored in pharmaceutical industries to reduce the potential hazards of organic solvents on nature.