Design and Analysis of Enhanced Harris Hawks Optimization-Tuned Type-2 Fuzzy Fractional Proportional Integral Derivative Controller for the Frequency Control of Microgrid System

The imprecise character of renewable energy sources and fluctuations in load demand makes the modern microgrids complicated thus introducing frequency deviations. To preserve the power balance between source and load by implementing a suitable controller for frequency control, in the present study, a type-2 fuzzy fractional order proportional integral derivative structure is suggested for frequency regulation of the microgrid system. The frequency control of microgrid system is carried out by a type-2 fuzzy fractional order proportional integral derivative controller tuned by the enhanced Harris Hawks optimization method. The effectiveness of the enhanced Harris hawks optimization is evaluated in comparison with Harris Hawks optimization, gravitational search algorithm, genetic algorithm, and Grey wolf optimization. The dominance of enhanced Harris hawks optimization-based type-2 fuzzy fractional order proportional integral derivative is established by evaluating its performances with proportional integral derivative and fuzzy proportional integral derivative controllers for different case studies of normal and increased/unava ilability of renewable energy source generation. Furthermore, an uncertainty study is done to investigate the performance of suggested controllers under parameter variations. Finally, the analysis is expanded to a two equal-area non-reheat/reheat thermal systems and compared with recently published approaches.