Comparing the Pore Networks of Coal, Shale, and Tight Sandstone Reservoirs of Shanxi Formation, Qinshui Basin: Inspirations for Multi-Superimposed Gas Systems in Coal-Bearing Strata

Transitional upper carboniferous Shanxi Formation coal-bearing strata in Qinshui Basin have been proven to be a set of mixed unconventional gas-bearing reservoirs forming a multi-superimposed gas system that consists of multiple independent fluid pressure systems vertically through the strata. An experimental protocol was designed to compare the pore networks in high-rank coal, shale, and tight sandstone reservoirs from Shanxi Formation using quantitative and qualitative experimental methods, including high-pressure mercury injection porosimetry (MIP), low-pressure nitrogen gas adsorption (LN(2)GA), and argon ion polishing-field emission scanning electron microscope (AIP-FESEM). The results show that genetic and structural differences in pore types, morphology, abundance, and proportion in coal, shale, and tight sandstone reservoirs are significant, reflecting strong heterogeneity characteristics. Pore networks determine the roles of different types of reservoirs in gas-bearing systems through differentiated pore structure, development degree, and spatial distribution. Due to the differences in nanopore development and connectivity, coal and tight sandstone reservoirs provide important reservoir spaces for adsorbed and free gas in the system. Thus, they become influential factors controlling the relationship between the gas-bearing subsystems with different fluid pressures. The lack of mesopores in shale and relatively weaker heterogeneity between layers lead to the phenomenon that continuously developed shales of a specific thickness are more likely to be the interlayers that divide the superimposed gas-bearing system. Systematic comparison of pore development characteristics will provide scientific support to further explain the formation mechanism of multi-superimposed gas systems in coal-bearing strata from the perspective of pore networks and provide guidance for the development of unconventional natural gas in coal-bearing strata.