Protection and utilization status of Parabramis and Megalobrama germplasm resources

The genera Parabramis and Megalobrama are important freshwater aquaculture economic fish, and the excavation and utilization of excellent germplasm resources are pivotal in ensuring the supply of high-quality aquatic protein in China. However, as a consequence of fast domestication, overfishing and water pollution, the germplasm resources of Parabramis and Megalobrama are under threat of recession. These germplasm resources serve as an indispensable material basis for the healthy and sustainable development of the Parabramis and Megalobrama breeding industries. It is of great strategic significance to systematically collect, preserve, identify, evaluate, protect and utilize Parabramis and Megalobrama germplasm resources. This paper reviews the major results of studies on the morphology, cytogenetics, and molecular population genetics of the genera Parabramis and Megalobrama, the progress in their genetic improvement through hybridization, selective breeding and gynogenesis techniques, and the current protection measures for Parabramis and Megalobrama germplasm resources. Then, some suggestions for the protection of these germplasm resources and improved variety creation are provided. It is expected to offer basic resources for the sustainable development of the Parabramis and Megalobrama seed industries.