Dental implant surfaces and their interaction with the oral microbiome

•Differences between periodontitis and peri-implantitis aetiology remain unclear.•Optimal peri-implantitis modelling potentially requires implant-specific microbiota.•Complex biofilms provide greater functional understanding of surface impact.•Contact effect, anti-adhesion & antimicrobial release strategies can reduce biofilm.•An amalgamation of approaches may offer the greatest anti-biofilm potential.