Squeezed flow of MHNF (modified hybrid nanofluid) with thermal radiation and C-C (Cattaneo-Christov) heat flux: A numerical study via FDM

In this work, we have focused on the analysis of aluminum oxide (Al2O3), graphene oxide (GO), and silver (Ag) nanoparticles submerged in water enclosed between two parallel walls (plates) of infinite length. The lower wall is fixed and satisfies the convective boundary condition. The upper wall is placed at a distance and squeezes towards the lower wall. The energy equation comprises the thermal radiation effect. Heat transport is explored in presence of Cattaneo-Christov heat flux instead of Fourier heat flux. Here, water is taken as base fluid while generating a mixture of nanofluids (NF) consisting of Ag nanoparticles in the base fluid. Hybrid nanofluid is obtained by adding GO nanoparticles in the NF (Ag + water). Modified hybrid nanofluid (MHNF) is synthesized by adding Al2O3 nanoparticles in HNF (GO + Ag + water). The partial differential equations (PDEs) associated with the considered problem are modeled through Navier Stokes equations. These PDEs are then nondimensionalized through adequate dimensionless variables and solved through the finite difference method (FDM). Influences of parameters related to the problem of velocities and temperature are visualized graphically in the flow of base fluid, HNF (GO + Ag + water), NF (Ag + water), and MHNF (Al2O3 + GO + Ag + water). It is seen that the thermal boundary layer thickness is more for MHNF as compared to NF and HNF cases due to variation in Biot number.