Email Vs. Instagram Recruitment Strategies for Online Survey Research

In this study, we describe and evaluate a method for reaching a target population (i.e., dentists practicing in Brazil) to engage in survey research using traditional e-mail invites compared with recruitment campaigns created on Instagram. A pre-tested questionnaire was used and participants were recruited for 10 days via a source list of email addresses and two discrete Instagram organic open campaigns. A total of 3,122 responses were collected: 509 participants were recruited by email (2.1% response rate) and 2,613 by the two Instagram campaigns (20.7% and 11.7% conversion rates), respectively. Response/min collection rates in the first 24 h ranged between 0.23 (email) and 1.09 (first campaign). In total, 98.8% of all responses were received in the first 48 h for the different recruitment strategies. There were significant differences for all demographic variables (p<0.001) between email and Instagram respondents, except for sex (p=0.373). Instagram respondents were slightly older, had more professional experience (years in practice), and a higher graduate education level than email respondents. Moreover, most email and Instagram respondents worked in the public sector and private practice, respectively. Although both strategies could collect responses from all Brazilian regions, email responses were slightly better distributed across the five territorial areas compared to Instagram. In conclusion, this study provides evidence that survey recruitment of a large sample using Instagram is feasible. However, using Instagram to engage participants is challenging and has limitations that warrant further investigation. Combination of email and Instagram recruitment led to a more diverse population and improved response rates.