Incremental Subgradient Method for EVs Smart Charging Flexibility in Wholesale Energy Markets

The electricity and transportation sectors are in a transformation process, in which both can benefit from working together. In particular, more than half of electric vehicle (EV) users have similar consumption behaviors and will use charging infrastructure at home, creating a great challenge for different stakeholders. Digital platforms allow automatic control of end devices, enabling users to be more active and committed to a sustainable system. Motivated by large-scale and online optimization approaches, we formulate a smart charging mechanism for coordinating a large population of residential EVs based on a price-responsive model. We used a stochastic subgradient method to deal with synchrony problems and communication overload. The Utility decides the energy price that maximizes its profit in a day-ahead flexibility market with available information, while the clients fulfill theirs consumption expectations.