Rolling of soft microbots with tunable traction

Microbot (μbot)–based targeted drug delivery has attracted increasing attention due to its potential for avoiding side effects associated with systemic delivery. To date, most μbots are rigid. When rolling on surfaces, they exhibit substantial slip due to the liquid lubrication layer. Here, we introduce magnetically controlled soft rollers based on Pickering emulsions that, because of their intrinsic deformability, fundamentally change the nature of the lubrication layer and roll like deflated tires. With a large contact area between μbot and wall, soft μbots exhibit tractions higher than their rigid counterparts, results that we support with both theory and simulation. Upon changing the external field, surface particles can be reconfigured, strongly influencing both the translation speed and traction. These μbots can also be destabilized upon pH changes and used to deliver their contents to a desired location, overcoming the limitations of low translation efficiency and drug loading capacity associated with rigid structures.