Subsea Processing Systems: An Overview of Promising Technologies on the Subsea Factory Decarbonization Path

Abstract The proper development of an offshore oil and gas field relies on a project's ability to deliver the maximum economic benefits while maintaining safety and environmental targets. In this sense, offshore oil and gas companies have continually evaluated ways to optimize system designs and streamline operations to ensure the achievement of these objectives. A set of technological alternatives that have been highlighted is subsea processing, which requires moving a processing system from the topsides to the seabed. The assessment of subsea processing systems has become an important step during the field development strategy definition, especially in terms of flow assurance by mitigating hydrate and wax formation. When combined with mature subsea production technologies, the potential benefits of deploying subsea processing include enhanced reservoir recovery improved facilities availability, reduced topsides processing requirements, and reduced overall field development cost resulting in improvement of project economics. In addition, depending on the subsea architecture chosen, subsea processing can contribute to reducing the carbon footprint, which is in line with the industry's decarbonization goals. Due to the potential benefits of the subsea processing architectures, new technologies are emerging to overcome the technical challenges to enable this transfer of strategic processes from the topsides to the subsea. The objective of this paper is to present and discuss the mapped subsea processing system archetypes that may significantly increase hydrocarbon production in a cost-optimized way for new fields, tiebacks, and operating facilities. The mapped archetypes are implemented in an Expert System that integrates all technical areas for offshore field development, providing hundreds of conceptual alternatives to understand the impact of using subsea processing systems. This paper provides an overview of promising technologies that have the potential to increase the scope of subsea processing, leading to the identification of the most favorable architectures for each project. This study incorporates a detailed analysis of 27 different subsea archetypes, combining processes such as liquid boosting to host, gas compression to host, two-phase and three-phase separation, produced water reinjection or disposal, seawater injection with sulphate removal, dense phase (natural gas or CO2) boosting to reinjection, gas dehydration, and gas compression. Such analysis indicated that equipment with different technological maturity levels can be combined to create a subsea processing arrangement that meets the project requirements.