Oral intake of Lactiplantibacillus pentosus LPG1 Produces a Beneficial Regulation of Gut Microbiota in Healthy Persons: A Randomised, Placebo-Controlled, Single-Blind Trial.

The search for vegetable-origin probiotic microorganisms is a recent area of interest. This study conducted a phase I clinical trial to assess the effects of oral administration of LPG1, a natural strain with probiotic potential isolated from table olive fermentations, on the gut microbiota. The trial was a randomised, placebo-controlled, single-blind study involving 39 healthy volunteers. Group A ( = 20) ingested one capsule/day of LPG1 containing 1 × 10 UFC/capsule, while Group B ( = 19) received one capsule/day containing only dextrose (placebo). The capsules were taken during breakfast for 30 consecutive days. Human stool samples were collected from all volunteers at the beginning (baseline) and at the end of the study (post-intervention) and were subjected to 16S rRNA metataxonomic analysis using Illumina MiSeq. Sequencing data at the genus level were statistically analysed using traditional methods and compositional data analysis (CoDA). After treatment, the alpha diversity in Group B (placebo) decreased according to an increase in the Berger and Parker dominance index (-value < 0.05); moreover, dominance D increased and Simpson 1-D index decreased (-value < 0.10). The genus in the faeces was included in the CoDA signature balances ( and ) and played a notable role in distinguishing samples from baseline and post-intervention in Group A (LPG1). Additionally, ingesting LPG1 modified the gut microbiota post-intervention, increasing the presence of and , but reducing . These findings suggest that LPG1 is a potentially beneficial gut microbiota modulator in healthy persons.