Host-Specific Differences in Gut Microbiota Between Cricetulus barabensis and Phodopus sungorus

Gut microbiota plays an important role in the health of the host and is usually associated with the physiological processes of animals. Both host-specific factors and environmental factors are involved in the shaping of the gut microbial community, and it is necessary to identify the host-dominated differences in gut microbiota among animal species to better explain how they affect the choice of life history strategies in hosts. Here, striped hamsters Cricetulus barabensis and Djungarian hamsters Phodopus sungorus were housed under the same controlled conditions, and fecal samples were collected to compare gut microbiota. A higher Shannon index was observed in striped hamsters than in Djungarian hamsters. Linear discriminant analysis of effect size showed enrichment of the family Lachnospiraceae and genera Muribaculum and Oscillibacter in striped hamsters, with the enrichment of family Erysipelotrichaceae and genus Turicibacter in Djungarian hamsters. Among the top 10 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), eight showed significantly different relative abundance between the two hamster species. The positive correlations and average degree in the co-occurrence network of striped hamsters were less than those of Djungarian hamsters, showing different complexity of synergistic effects among the gut bacteria. The gut microbial community of striped hamsters had a higher R 2 value than that of Djungarian hamsters when fitted with a neutral community model. These differences have a degree of consistency with the variation in the lifestyles of the two hamster species. The study provides insights into the understanding of gut microbiota and its connections with rodent hosts.