Study on IEEE 2800-2022 standard benefits for transmission line protection in the presence of inverter-based resources

This paper presents an Electromagnetic Transient (EMT)-based study about the IEEE 2800-2022 standard benefits for transmission line protection functionalities in the presence of Inverter-Based Resources (IBR). Seven functions are evaluated, namely: (1) Self-polarized distance protection, (2) Memory-polarized distance protection, (3) Memory-Cross-polarized distance protection, (4) Negative sequence-based directional function, (5) Zero sequence-based directional function, (6) Incremental phasor-based phase-selection function, and (7) Current angle-based phase-selection function. To do so, massive EMT simulations are carried out in the PSCAD environment to emulate contingency scenarios in a typical transmission circuit that interconnects an IBR to a synchronous power grid. The evaluated protection functions are implemented and validated with the routines applied in commercial relays, providing a practical perspective on the importance of recent advances in IBR control standards, such as the IEEE 2800-2022. The results demonstrate that the IEEE 2800-2022 significantly improves the transmission line protection performance, being the EMT-based analysis crucial to provide a detailed study on these benefits.