Self-healing concrete: Fabrication, advancement, and effectiveness for long-term integrity of concrete infrastructures

In this study, several aspects of autogenous and autonomous healing concrete are dis-cussed, including their characterization, processes, and performances. Mineral admixtures, fibers, and autonomous methods like shape memory alloys, capsules, and microbial technologies have been found effective in repairing cracks. Based on this review, autonomous approaches heal cracks better than autogenous methods also geometry and size of cracks have an important role in select-ing self-healing techniques and agents. The effectiveness of biomimetic materials such as shape memory alloys, capsules, and bacteria-based self-healing concrete is also being carefully considered. Lastly, future research scope and present gaps are recognized and discussed. (c) 2023 THE AUTHORS. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).