Energy Communities in Spain: Challenges in the Transition to Institutionalisation

European energy regulation from 2019 introduces a new legal figure in the energy supply chain: the "citizen energy community". It has been translated into the Spanish regulation as Local Energy Communities and Renewable Energy Communities. This allows agents not previously involved in the production and distribution of electricity to be integrated into the energy system beyond their role as consumers (prosumers). Several challenges have been identified in this paper for institutionalization of niches of energy co-production into the energy regimen configuration.