Locust Bean Gum Hydrogels Are Bioadhesive and Improve Indole-3-carbinol Cutaneous Permeation: Influence of the Polysaccharide Concentration

The locust bean gum (LBG) is a polysaccharide with thickening, stabilizing and gelling properties and it has been used in the preparation of pharmaceutical formulations.Hydrogels (HGs) are obtained from natural or synthetic materials that present interesting properties for skin application.This study aimed to develop HGs from LBG using indole-3-carbinol (I3C) as an asset model for cutaneous application.HGs were prepared by dispersing LBG (2%, 3% and 4% w/v) directly in cold water.The formulations showed content close to 0.5 mg/g (HPLC) and pH ranging from 7.25 to 7.41 (potentiometry).The spreadability factor (parallel plate method) was inversely proportional to LBG concentration.The rheological evaluation (rotational viscometer) demonstrated a non-Newtonian pseudoplastic flow behavior (Ostwald De Weale model), which is interesting for cutaneous application.The HET-CAM evaluation showed the non-irritating characteristic of the formulations.The bioadhesive potential demonstrated bioadhesion in a concentration-dependent manner.Permeation in human skin using Franz cells showed that the highest LBG concentration improved the skin distribution profile with greater I3C amounts in the viable skin layers.The present study demonstrated the feasibility of preparing HGs with LBG and the formulation with the highest polymer concentration was the most promising to transport active ingredients through the skin.