Modulating Nonluminous 0D (NH₄)₂SnCl₆ Perovskites by Metal Ion Doping

Metal halide perovskite materials have highly attracted wide attention for lighting applications because of their unique optoelectronic properties. However, the complex prepara-tion processes and the toxicity of lead have limited their practical applications. There are few reports on zero-dimensional (0D) organic/inorganic tin-based perovskites with both good stability and a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY). Here, Sb3+ doping and Bi3+ doping of 0D (NH4)2SnCl6 perovskite powders are reported. Sb3+ doping of 0D (NH4)2SnCl6 perovskites shows wide emission peaks at 530 and 640 nm with a PLQY of up to 17.03%, while Bi3+ doping of 0D (NH4)2SnCl6 perovskites exhibits a broad blue emission at 460 nm with a PLQY of 4.40%. Combining experimental results and theoretical calculations, we propose that the mechanism of Sb3+ ion doping of 0D (NH4)2SnCl6 perovskites is a P1 -> 1S0 transition (singlet) at 530 nm and a 3P1 -> 1S0 transition (triplet) at 640 nm. However, the mechanism of Bi3+ ion doping of 0D (NH4)2SnCl6 perovskites is a 3P1 -> 1S0 transition at 460 nm. In addition, both metal ion dopings of 0D (NH4)2SnCl6 perovskites have good air and thermal stability. We demonstrate that the Sb3+ doping and Bi3+ doping of 0D (NH4)2SnCl6 perovskite phosphors have great potential for solid-state lighting.