Physicochemical Characterization of the Render Layer of a Rammed Earth Wall in Fuyulou, China

The render layer plays an essential role in the longevity of rammed earth constructions. A physicochemical analysis of the renders of the historical buildings of Fujian Tulou, a World Heritage site in Fujian, China, is presented in this paper to provide technical data related to the protection and restoration of this historical site. After a site investigation, the physical and chemical characteristics of the render layer were studied by means of particle-size analysis, unconfined compressive strength analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results obtained in the experimental study were analyzed and compared with those gathered from the literature, leading to the establishment of useful conclusions for the formulation of restoration mortars.