Highly sensitive sensor based on SPR nanostructure employing graphene and perovskite layers for the determination of blood hemoglobin concentration

Hemoglobin (HB) is a protein that is responsible for transporting carbon dioxide and oxygen through the body. HB levels in the blood that are less saturated increase the risk of developing diseases including diabetes, thyroid dysfunction, anemia, etc. Rapid and sensitive determination of HB concentration in blood is an essential issue. In this communication, a surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based sensor is proposed for HB determination. The device consists of a prism (BK7), silver (Ag), titanium dioxide (TiO2), hybrid inorganic-organic halide perovskites (MAPbBr3) and graphene (Gr) layers. The findings demonstrate that the proposed sensor is more sensitive than the conventional one made up without a perovskite layer. The layers of Ag, TiO2, MAPbX3, and Gr are optimized for higher performance. The highest sensitivity is found 224 deg./ RIU at the optimized thicknesses of Ag, TiO2 and MAPbBr3 of 60 nm, 5 nm and 3 nm, respectively. Additionally, the number of graphene sheets is studied and optimized to four layers. The proposed SPR biosensor is encouraging for use in various sectors of biosensing.